Yeung, S.M.-C. et al. 2026. Integrating Design Thinking into Vocational Trainer Development A 5-Level Competency Framework for the AI and ESG ERA. International Journal of Independent Research Studies. 15, 1 (Jan. 2026), 1–6. DOI:https://doi.org/10.55220/2304-6953.v15i1.850.