Whispers of Extinction: An Exploration of Endangered Languages of North-East India

Abstract

The North-East region of India, a melting pot of linguistic diversity, houses a myriad of indigenous languages that embody centuries of cultural and historical heritage. For instance, the state of Arunachal Pradesh alone is home to over 90 languages, many of which are spoken by small tribal communities. A striking example is the Tai Khamti language, which has a rich oral literature but fewer than 5,000 active speakers. Similarly, UNESCO reports that nearly 30% of languages in the region are critically endangered, emphasizing the urgency of preservation efforts. These languages are not just tools of communication but also repositories of unique ecological knowledge, traditional customs, and cultural identities, making their preservation a matter of global significance. However, the region also represents one of the most significant linguistic graveyards, with many languages on the brink of extinction. This paper explores the current status of endangered languages in North-East India, their sociolinguistic contexts, the factors contributing to their decline, and the efforts being made to preserve them. By employing a multidisciplinary approach, this study underscores the urgency of linguistic preservation as a critical component of cultural sustainability. This extended analysis delves deeply into the historical, cultural, and institutional aspects that shape the linguistic landscape of this unique region, exploring practical pathways for revitalization